3, 5, 9 and 12 are from the 12th, 16 and 21 from the 13th, 7 and 35 from the 14th, 18 from the beginning of the 16th century.įlute, hoboe, shawm, bagpipe, bombard, crumhorn, trumpet, trombone, horn. In the 15th and 16th centuries, 4 violas of different sizes, with 3, 4, 5 and 6 strings, formed a musical ensemble. The oval body of the instrument showed no cut-out for the bow. The viola of the Middle Ages had a fingerboard marked by protruding cross bands. They were made for playing together in different sizes. The violin seems to have been originally made from a single piece of wood. The bundleless stringed instrument, derived from the North West African-Moorish rabab, came to us via Spain in the 10th/11th century. When playing it was leaned against the shoulder or chest or placed in the crook of the arm. The Rebec (sometimes rebecha, rebeckha) had a smaller soundboard and three strings and was not an instrument of courtly musicians minstrels used it to play for the people to dance on. In addition to the older French form of the name rebebe, from the 13th to the 16th century the bowed lute was called rubeba (rubebe), Italian ribebe and English rebeck, among others.

The rubebe had two strings when playing it, one grasped it by the neck near the fingerboard and supported it on the knee. The rubebe, the violin, the rebec, the viola. Wandering musicians costumes 15t century. 13 is from the beginning of the 16th century. 23 and 28 are citoles without strings no. The lutes, mandores, guitars and cithers of our Citole belong to the 12th century, No. The citole of the French poets of the Middle Ages is a reduction of the cither. In the 18th century the number of strings increases to eleven, five double and one single. One finds 16th century cithers with four double strings, which are tensioned by 8 swivels on either side of the head. The end of the strings is attached by an eyelet to pins which are turned by a key. The cither is also a variant of this family its neck is curved forward in a volute shape. In the Middle Ages it had 4, at the end of the 15th century 5 double and a single string, the chanterelle. The body of the instrument is bulbous, round or elongated, with a straight neck and more or less bent back head. (The Guitare moresque was mentioned in 1349 in the hands of the ducal Norman Ménestrels.). The guitar was known in France in the 14th century as guitare moresque. It usually had 4, never more than 6 strings. The only difference is that the head of the instrument is curved forward. The Mandora of the 12th century is a diminished lute. Modes of the Directory and the Consulate. 22 belongs to the 9th or 10th century, no.

22, 25, 35) in the 16th century it was placed on the knees or on a table. In the Middle Ages the psalterion was leaned against the chest (cf. The number of strings varies from 6 to 15 in the 14th century there were 32, in the 16th century 38. The soundboard of the psalterion is pierced by 1-4 sound holes the strings are made of silver or a mixture of silver and gold eagle feathers serve as percussion instruments. The Psalterion is the santir or pi-santir of the Arabs and was brought to Europe by the crusaders.

1, 19, 26, 27 and 30 are from the 12th century, No. 24, belonging to the 10th or 9th century, is struck with the plectrum. It was held on the knees when sitting, and on a band around the neck when standing. At the beginning it had 12 strings, in the 14th century 25.

The harp, known since the 9th century under the name cithara anglica, was used to accompany the singing. The harp, the psaltery, the rota, the lute, the mandora or gallichon, the guitar, the cittern or cithren and the citole. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS FROM 12TH TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 16TH CENTURY.

Medieval guitar